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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a well-characterized population of adult stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types (chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, and more).
Mesoblast (ASX:MSB; Nasdaq: MESO) announced that the U.S. FDA granted the company’s product candidate, Revascor, Orphan Drug Designation for prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with left ventricular assist devices.
Revascor is Mesoblast’s investigational cell therapy composed of 150 million allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells (MPCs). [Read more…]
It is official. Australian stem cell company Cynata Therapeutics has completed the world’s first Phase I trial involving an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived therapeutic product. The landmark study involved the company’s lead product, CYP-001, an iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) product that can be manufactured at therapeutic grade and at mass scale using Cynata’s Cymerus™ platform technology.
Next, the company will be initiating Phase II trials in graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), critical limb ischemia (CLI) and osteoarthritis, showcasing the power of Cynata’s platform technology to be leveraged across multiple indications. Osteoarthritis will be Cynata’s largest clinical trial to date and also one of the largest ever for an MSC product. [Read more…]
Find out how stem cells can contribute to the advancement of osteoarthritis treatment below.
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Dental stem cells for tooth regeneration and repair have continued to show potential in the treatment of other ailments, from bone injuries to neurodegenerative diseases. The different types and sources of dental stem cells have various differentiation abilities which can be used in research for various treatments.
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Dental stem cells are defined as stem cells collected from teeth or other oral structures. Dental pulp is the soft living tissue inside a tooth that contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The ideal time to harvest dental stem cells for research and practice is when children lose their deciduous (baby) teeth, either through natural loss or extraction.
Tooth stem cells are defined as stem cells collected from the dental pulp found within the center of a tooth. Over time, tooth stem cells have also been discovered within other dental structures, as described below.
While there are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved uses of these dental stem cells yet, there is the potential for them to be used in a wide range of regenerative medicine applications in the future.
Five different types of stem cells have been discovered for stem cell dentistry, as described below.
Dental pulp stem cells in regenerative dentistry are stem cells isolated from the pulp tissue of extracted human third molars. They have the potential to cure various diseases by differentiating into neurons, osteoblasts, liver cells, and β cells of the islet of the pancreas, as well as dental- related problems such as:
The dental follicle is a loose mesenchymal tissue surrounding the developing tooth germ which participates in the formation of periodontal progenitor cells.[2]
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in the apical papilla of permanent immature teeth. MSCs are a type of adult stem cell that can reduce inflammation, reduce scarring (fibrosis), and improve immune function, giving them great potential for use in regenerative medicine.
Apical papilla differs from dental pulp because they contain less cellular and vascular components. According to researchers, cells in apical papilla also have greater proliferative capacity than those in pulp (2-3x greater).
Periodontal ligament stem cells are stem cells present in the perivascular space of the periodontium, the tissue that surrounds the teeth. They are responsible for the regeneration of periodontal components, including the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum.
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are mesenchymal cells present within exfoliated deciduous tooth pulp tissue that can differentiate into a broad range of different cell types.
These cells can become:
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What other questions do you about tooth and dental stem cells and the application of stem cells in dentistry? Ask them in the comments below.
Up Next: Guide to Dental Stem Cell Companies | Tooth Stem Cells
Footnotes
[1] NCBI.NLM.NIH.gov. (2015). Human dental pulp stem cells: Applications in future regenerative medicine. [online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4478630/ [Accessed 30 Oct. 2018]
[2] Sciencedirect.com. (2017). Dental follicle – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. [online] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dental-follicle [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017].
[3] Discovery.lifemapsc.com. (2017). Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (family) – Adult Stem / Progenitor Cell – Tooth – LifeMap Discovery. [online] Available at: https://discovery.lifemapsc.com/stem-cell-differentiation/in-vitro-cells/tooth-homo-sapiens-stem-cells-from-human-exfoliated-deciduous-teeth-family [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017].
