To analyze the emerging global market for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), it is important to define the cell type. Broadly defined, MSCs are multi-potent stem cells that can differentiate into a diverse range of cell types. More specifically, MSCs are non-hematopoietic stromal cells that are capable of differentiating into, and assisting in the repair of, tissues of both intra-mesenchymal and extra-mesenchymal lineages.
Interestingly, MSCs exert their therapeutic effects primarily through paracrine signaling, a process where they secrete bioactive molecules such as cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles to influence nearby cells and tissues, rather than through direct differentiation into the specific target cells they aim to support or repair.
In contrast, other stem cell types, like iPSCs, tend to have greater utility because of their differentiation potential.
